Pressure under Japan’s Mt. Fuji volcano rising: eruption would be nightmare for Japan

September 7, 2012 – JAPAN – Pressure in the magma chamber of Japan’s Mount Fuji is now higher than it was the last time the volcano erupted more than 300 years ago, scientists say, according to a report Thursday. Tectonic shifts triggered by last year’s huge 9.0 magnitude undersea quake have left the chamber under 16 times the minimum pressure at which an eruption can occur, researchers said. Researchers at the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention studied the tectonic movements caused by the tsunami-triggering quake on March 11, 2011 and a magnitude 6.4 quake that rocked central Japan four days later, Kyodo News reported. They estimated that 1.6 megapascals of pressure, equivalent to atmospheric pressure of some 15.8 kilograms per square centimeter (226 pounds per square inch), was being exerted on the magma chamber. Volcanic eruptions can be triggered by as little as 0.1 megapascals of pressure, and the reading of 1.6 megapascals is “not a small figure,” said senior researcher Eisuke Fujita, according to Kyodo. Mount Fuji, an almost perfectly cone-shaped mountain that stands as one of Japan’s national symbols, last erupted in 1707, after an earthquake struck and boosted the pressure on its magma chamber, the report said, citing researchers. Scientists say an eruption some time over the coming years is a possibility, but add that heightened pressure is not the only variable. They say so far no signs of activity have been seen at Mount Fuji, possibly because the amount of magma that has accumulated is not substantial enough, Kyodo said. If Mount Fuji erupts, it could cause up to 2.5 trillion yen ($32 billion) of damage, according to a government report in 2004, Kyodo said. In May a team of researchers warned that the mountain may collapse if a newly-discovered fault line underneath it shifts. The huge quake of March 2011 and tsunami that it generated devastated a large area of the country’s northeast, killing around 19,000 people and generating a nuclear emergency at Fukushima. –Physics